“Pretty Little Liars” by Sara Shepard Essay

Freud believes that it is part of everyone’s personality to seek pleasure through violence; it is part of the â€Å"ID.† However, the ego negotiates between the ID and superego, meaning the majority of people can regulate between the morals of society and their own pleasures. I agree with this, as does Sara Shepard, the author of â€Å"Pretty Little Liars.† I believe that people who seek pleasure through violence are ill minded, and have psychological issues, due to the fact that the ego should be able to tell the brain to follow the morals of society. ‘A,’ a character from Pretty Little Liars, nobody can solve the mystery regarding who exactly ‘A’ is, however they are ill-minded, and seek pleasure in harming others as a joke. Ill-minded people like this are evil. Most people follow the morals of society, but still enjoy violence. How the person goes about enjoying it is what differs them from everyone else. For example, an individual could can enjoy watching crime shows, such as CSI, Criminal Minds, Law and Order and many others. Even though they enjoy these shows it does not mean that they would go out and seek to hurt someone the way the criminals do to their victims in the show. In â€Å"Pretty Little Liars,† Aria, Hannah, Emily, and Spencer are all good people. They do not go seeking violence, they do not seek harm. This is the way most people in society are. These ‘good people’ have a good ego. Meaning it is negotiating their wants to work with the morals of society. A very select few are ill-minded wishing only harm upon others. ‘A’ from â€Å"Pretty Little Liars† is one of these select few. She or he makes it their goal to ruin the lives of Aria, Hannah, Emily and Spencer. For example, Aria gains an interest in a man during the summer; little did she know he was her new English teacher. They keep it a secret between only them; they were not going to let that tare their new love for each other apart. However, ‘A,’ knows everything. They know how Aria’s dad (a teacher) had an affair on his wife years ago. Due to the fact that Aria is keeping her relationship a secret she receives a text message, signed A, saying, â€Å"Aria, Maybe he fools with students all the time. A lot of teachers do†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Just ask your dad! –A† (Shepard, page 139). This quote shows how A knows everything. They know the girls’ past, and use it against them. ‘A’ is a murderer, they killed Allison during the beginning of the novel, and Ian during the end. ‘A’ did not intend to kill Ian but meant to kill Spencer. The girls have no understanding as to why they are ‘A’s’ targets. They are good people, not intending any harm. This is not a normal person. Innocent people are killed every day because people are sick. They seek pleasure in watching the suffering of an innocent individual. It is not normal or moral, for people to be this evil. I can speak on a personal level. I do not seek pleasure through violence, I do enjoy crime shows, but does that make me a bad person? No. Although someone has enjoyed taking their pleasure out on me by violence, and those that do that to an innocent person are evil. I do not think that the people that look for pleasure in violence truly understand how they affect a person. I can relate to the girls in Pretty Little Liars because they seek help, sometimes people will try and help you, other times it’s a hard concept for many to believe. Emily, Aria, Hannah and Spencer cannot trust anybody the same because of the horror and threats they are encountering that affect their daily lives. Just as I cannot do a lot of things that I use to do prior to my incident. Nothing is the same. People that seek violence do not realize what they are actually doing to other people because they only seek self-pleasure, they are ill-minded. There is always going to be a psychological battle between the ID and superego, however the ego’s ability to negotiate between the two is what will make or break an individual. There are many ill-minded people in our world, there is help. ‘A’ is an evil person, just like many in our world seeking pleasure in selfish ways because they don’t know any different. Their effects on people could be unfortunate. Not everyone is made evil, it’s a psychological illness. There is good in this world. Works Cited Shepard, Sara. Pretty Little Loars. New York: Harper Teen, 2006. 139. Print.

Litreature Review on Banking Essay

It was emphasized that the use of computers changes the processing, storage, retrieval and communication of financial information and may affect the accounting and internal control systems employed by a bank. The potential for human errors in the development, maintenance and execution of computer Information Systems may be greater than in manual systems, due to level of details inherent in these activities. Through audit reviews, a thorough look and understanding of IS in bank can be seen. The audit of IS would provide us general understanding of IS in bank, managing authentication of users, access control, data security, data integrity, audit 14 2. Literature Study and Analysis logs, testing, accounting entries, data migration, network and RDBMS security, business continuity and disaster recovery plans, hacking, identification of transaction for substantative checking, use of reports generated by system and documentation. The paper titled â€Å"Application of IT in Banking† by K. S. Rajashekara (2004), talked about impact analysis of IT on banking. The problem of doing proper impact analysis is due to difficulty of measuring output accurately when the quality of service is changing as a result of such factors as convenience, speed, and lower risk. Through IT, banks anticipate reduction in operating costs through such efficiencies as the streamlining back office processing and elimination of error-prone manual input of data. Owing to IT, bank can offer new products and services. Banks are able to develop and implement sophisticated risk, information management system and techniques with more powerful data storage and analysis technologies. IT has positively affected the stakeholders of bank like management, employees, and customers. Vasant Godse (2005) in paper titled â€Å"Technology: An Impact Analysis† talked about role of Information Technology in banking. Banks faced the enormous task of re-orienting their technology infrastructure towards such interactive decision support and information gathering tools, much different from transaction processing and final accounting. The impact of technology could be on relationship with information technology providers, organizational aspects, banker-customer relationship, control and supervisory aspects, new concepts and processes, which help in further gaining competitive advantage. 15 2. Literature Study and Analysis A paper titled â€Å"Information Orientation: People, Technology and the bottom line† by Donald A. Marchand, William J. Kettinger, John D. Rollins (2000), stressed upon the effective usage of information for business performance. It was stressed that IT improved business performance only if combined with competent information management and the right behaviors and values. The research was applied on banks. Banks were evaluated on three broad scales i. e. IT Practices (including IT practices for Operational support, IT for Business-process support, IT for Innovation support, IT for Managerial support); Information Management Practices (Sensing information, Collecting information, Organizing information, Processing information, Maintaining information); Information behaviours and values (Information Integrity, formality, control, sharing, transparency, proactiveness). Companies that incorporated a people-centric, rather than merely techno-centric, view of information use and that are good at all three information capabilities would improve their business performance. A paper titled â€Å"Understanding the impact of IT-based coordination on the performance of Information-intensive firms: A Gestalt approach in Banking Industry† by Yannis A. Pollalis (2003), moved towards the development of such an explanatory and predictive model of IT-based performance by distinguishing coordination) three that types impact of the organizational performance systems of integration (or nformation-intensive organizations: Technological Integration (i. e. the integration of various IT components such as data, applications telecommunications, and systems); Functional integration ( i. e. , the coordination of responsibilities and roles 16 2. Literature Study and Analysis across a firm’s value-chain activities between corporate and IT planning activities); a nd Strategic integration (i. e. effective decision-making at all levels, increased productivity and better return on investment). The organizations with coordinated elements (i. e. strategy, structure, and technology) will be more successful than uncoordinated ones. Banks were chosen as the context for the empirical phase of the study because of their high information intensity and their focus on customer service and cost management. The research indicated the existence of successful and unsuccessful patterns of integration, that is, certain combinations of technological, functional, and strategic integration might lead to better or worse performance. Strategic and Technological integration were found to be most important elements of success, which indicated the importance of consistency between echnological and strategic infrastructure. The paper titled â€Å"Learnings from Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Implementation in a Bank† by M. P. Gupta and Sonal Shukla (2004) attempted to highlight the learnings from CRM implementation in the banking sector. CRM systems were particularly relevant to ret ail financial services companies, allowing much of the management of the customer relationship to be automated with the objective of maximizing the profitability of individual customer relationships while minimizing the cost of managing those relationships. The study was supported by a case study of CRM systems in a major Japanese Bank—Bank of Mitsubishi and also a field survey of scenario in Indian banking sector. The various issues examined included organizational information, the CRM strategy, strategic changes resulting from CRM 17 2. Literature Study and Analysis implementation, implementation priorities for the banks and the factors indicating the performance after CRM implementation. The study revealed that CRM was gradually picking up and was definitely considered as a viable proposition by banks in improving services to their customers. One of the major challenges experienced during implementing CRM was resistance to change. To get CRM to work, high commitment was required in those who were implementing it. The paper titled â€Å"Impact of Information Technology on the Indian Banking Sector† by Harmeen K. Soch and H. S. Sandhu (2003) emphasized that impact of IT on banking was so radical that it would be a key determinant of success or failure in the industry, a key determinant of whether banks as a recognizable grouping continue to exist, and a key determinant of the differentiation between competitors in financial services.

Architecture and Challenges in Computing

The report will discuss in detail about the concept of cloud computing and how it impacts the business in a different manner these days. Therefore, in the process of understanding the power of cloud computing, it is important to have more clarity about streamlining the processes of IT which make the whole process more convenient. However, it is important to understand that it is not easier to rush into the whole process (Aljabre, 2012). Right before, making the changes, it is also crucial to ask some relevant questions and also understand the pros and cons of the process. Cloud computing is being used like never before, and there are organizations of every kind and sizes that adapt the newer technology which helps business to work in an efficient manner. Some industry-based experts who also believe that the system will only continue to develop even further in coming future. The concept of cloud computing is also very advantageous for some mid-size as well as big organizations. As discussed, there are certain disadvantages as well of the process with the opinion to assist many establishments completely understand the process in a proper manner (Aljabre, 2012). There is the detailed discussion of advantages as well as disadvantages of cloud computing with an opinion to assist these kinds of establishments by having complete clarity about the concept of cloud computing. The objective of the report is to understand the advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing clearly. Since cloud computing comes with some advantages for the businesses however companies cannot completely depend on it, and there are some disadvantages as well, and it is crucial to completely understand the concept of business as well as technology which is based on service providers. The concept of cloud computing can be defined as the providing on-demand resources related to computing, and it is also important to understand that everything from some applications to a different base of data can be applied here on the internet. This is done with the help of on a pay for usage basis. Companies like Microsoft and the Amazon are some of the biggest names in providing cloud computing system and also offer the same kind of definition. This also means the concept can utilize the internet in the place of a hard drive in the computer to access the remote servers and also some effective processors that have the ability to perform an intensive storage functions over the internet (Subashini and Kavitha, 2011). There are different kinds of clod computing programs discussed in detail below: Infrastructure based service: this concept consists of the basic blocks that help in building cloud computing and information technology structure as well as also provides access to a number of networking based characteristics. It also consists of data based storage spaces as well as a number of computers. The system also provides companies with high flexibility level and overall control on management over a number of resources in IT, and it is also quite same to the present resources of IT that any department or developer can be familiar with at the present time. Platform as a main service: this kind of system eliminates the requirement for companies to manage the basic level of infrastructure that usually based on operating systems and hardware. Also, it also permits companies to pay attention to the process of deployment and also manage the application in an effective manner (Marston et al., 2011). This further assists them to be more effective as it doesn't require to take any tension about the resource based procurement process, or planning of the capacity, maintenance of software or any other different and heavy lifting which requires involvement in running the overall application. Software as the main service: this can be treated as a finished product that is managed by a number of different service providers. In many cases, it is important to refer the software as the main service that can be referred to software as the main service provider and it can refer to the end-user based applications. With this kind offers there is no requirement to think about how services can be maintained as well as the overall infrastructure can be properly managed. It is important that users only require basing whole research on the specific piece of software. There are some common examples of the system like website based emails. Here these emails are received and further sent without properly users that can manage characteristic in addition to the product and also maintain different servers as well as operating systems that is based on any program (Marston et al., 2011). Cover over data: while running any application that one can share the photographs with millions of mobile based users and also provide support to the critical kind of functions associated with the business. At the same time, the cloud providers are based on providing a rapid access towards flexible as well as low cost based IT kind of resources. The marketplace online and another kind of cloud provider said that the users usually don't need to make large investments in different kinds of hardware and also provide a lot of time on the heavy lifting of managing the hardware in a perfect manner. Rather, the concept of computing can be treated as a provision which is of the right kind and for the right size of computing the resources which require the power in the new as well as bright ideas that function in many IT departments (Han et al., 2011). When the cloud computing system is used in the right manner and to some extent, it is important while working with information in the cloud can be very profitable for every kind of business. Following are some of the main advantages of this system: Cost based efficiency: the concept of cloud computing is the most cost efficient system in using, maintaining and also upgrading process. While dealing with traditional desktop based software costs, companies spent a lot, and it is associated with finance. Also, the licensing based fees add different users, and this can prove to be quite expensive for the setting up in the concerned department. On the other hand, the cloud is present at an affordable rate and therefore, can lower the expenses of IT in significant manner. Also, there are some one-time payments where pay as one go and another kind of scalable point present that make it further reasonable for the organization (Han et al., 2011). Unlimited storage: storing the data in the cloud provides a lot of storage capacity. Therefore, one needs to worry about completely run out of the storage space or raising the present storage space and its overall availability. Recovery and backup: - all the data is stored in the cloud, and this is why proper backup and restoration of the same is easier than storing the similar kind of physical devices. Also, many cloud-based services providers are normally competent by nature to handle the overall recovery of data in an efficient manner. Automatic integration of software: in cloud computing, software based integration is normally associated with something which happens automatically. This also means that one need to some extra efforts to change and also integrate the applications as per the preference of the customers. These kinds of aspect generally take care of itself and not just that, the concept of cloud computing permits the company to customize the options with ease accordingly. This way, the company can handpick different services and software based applications that one can think of and it also suits the specific enterprise in a proper manner (Low et al., 2011). Comfortable access to data: - once companies get to register to the system, it can easily access the data from any part of the world where there is a proper internet connection. This feature will help in going beyond the present time zone and geographic based locations and related issues. Rapid deployment: Lastly, the process of cloud computing provides different advantages of rapid deployment. When the company goes for this method of operations, the entire system can be completely functional very quickly. At the same time, the time taken here will also depend on the same type of technology that company required for the business (Low et al., 2011). Despite of all above disadvantages, the concept of cloud computing also has some disadvantages which are discussed in detail below: Issues in technical aspect: the fact that information on the cloud can be accessed at any point of time and from any part of the world. However, at times the systems can create a lot of problems. Companies should be well aware of the fact that the technology is always based on many technical problems. In fact, the best kinds of service providers function into kinds of trouble and despite keeping some very high standards for maintaining it properly. The company also must have a strong internet connection to get logged onto a different kind of server at all possible times. The concept of cloud computing is an important characteristic of any big scale deployment. It can be taken as a method which leads a much tech-based organization to offer companies and people their personal space to store and also use the growing pile of information since some smart machines gather it. It is important to understand that not everything about storing information online can be an advantage when it is compared with older hardware ways (Janssen and Joha, 2011). Security based on a cloud: the other important issue while using the cloud technology is that there number of security-based challenges. Right before applying this technology; companies must understand that one will be completely surrendering all the sensitive information of the company to an outsider. This can be a great risk for the company. Therefore, companies require being completely sure that they choose the most trusted service provider who will protect the information correctly (Janssen and Joha, 2011). Attacks possibility: saving the data in the cloud can make the companies in the most vulnerable situation and can also impact many external based hacks like attacks or threats. It is important to understand that there is nothing on the internet which is completely safe and this is why there is always a risk of hacking of sensitive data. There are some disadvantages discussed above, and the best kind of cloud provider can claim complete immunity towards service based outages. Some cloud computing systems that are based on the internet and also mean the overall access is based on the strong internet connection. Therefore, it is important to understand that whether the business can absorb a continuous bout based on constant slowdowns. Also, there are some incidences in past where service provider like DropBox faced the similar situation for the longest period which is two days. It is very important to consider two crucial points like business based processes that can be halted if any service provider goes completely down and the internet connection which must be strong otherwise all business based application will also drop offline (Fernando et al., 2013).   The technology of cloud computing in the present time has become very crucial for every business users, and it further plans to move ahead and be more advanced. The kind of cloud has addressed many needs of organizations. This can be in public based cloud or private based cloud and in some case a hybrid kind of cloud where every category is sufficient to apply it effectively. The concept of cloud computing is that the business answers that every company can utilize properly. There are so many pros as well as cons of cloud computing, and it is important to be very careful while applying in business (Gà ©czy et al., 2011). Like every other process, the concept of cloud computing has its pros as well as cons. The technology can also prove to be a huge asset for the organization, and it can also cause some serious harm or threats if not executed in a proper manner. The concept is not evolving in a way it never happened before, and there are companies in all kind of shapes and sizes that can adapt to new technology. There are industry experts that have a belief that this fashion will only develop and grow further in future (Gai and Li, 2012).   This is why the concept of cloud computing is very beneficial for so many and different kinds of companies. Of course, as discussed it comes with number disadvantages specifically for small businesses.   In the present time, with proper planning and significant precautions, the disadvantages of the concept can be reduced tremendously. It is also true that the concept has transformed the business world completely and the advantages can easily outweigh the disadvantages of cloud computing. Minimum cost, as well as easy access along with proper data backup and centralization as well as security and rapid testing, are becoming more and more relevant (Jadeja, and Modi, 2012). Aljabre, A., 2012. Cloud computing for increased business value.  International Journal of Business and Social Science,  3(1). Subashini, S. and Kavitha, V., 2011. A survey on security issues in service delivery models of cloud computing.  Journal of network and computer applications,  34(1), pp.1-11. Marston, S., Li, Z., Bandyopadhyay, S., Zhang, J. and Ghalsasi, A., 2011. Cloud computing—The business perspective.  Decision support systems,  51(1), pp.176-189. Han, J., Haihong, E., Le, G. and Du, J., 2011, October. Survey on NoSQL database. In  Pervasive computing and applications (ICPCA), 2011 6th international conference on  (pp. 363-366). IEEE. Low, C., Chen, Y. and Wu, M., 2011. Understanding the determinants of cloud computing adoption.  Industrial management & data systems,  111(7), pp.1006-1023. Janssen, M. and Joha, A., 2011, June. Challenges for adopting cloud-based software as a service (saas) in the public sector. In  ECIS. Fernando, N., Loke, S.W. and Rahayu, W., 2013. Mobile cloud computing: A survey.  Future generation computer systems,  29(1), pp.84-106. Gà ©czy, P., Izumi, N. and Hasida, K., 2011. Cloudsourcing: managing cloud adoption. Gai, K. and Li, S., 2012, November. Towards cloud computing: a literature review on cloud computing and its development trends. In  Multimedia Information Networking and Security (MINES), 2012 Fourth International Conference on  (pp. 142-146). IEEE. Jadeja, Y. and Modi, K., 2012, March. Cloud computing-concepts, architecture and challenges. In  Computing, Electronics and Electrical Technologies (ICCEET), 2012 International Conference on  (pp. 877-880). IEEE.

Auditing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Auditing - Essay Example ial statement users perceive the auditors responsibilities to be and what the auditors believe their responsibilities entail is referred to as the expectation gap (McEnroe & Martens, 2001). This paper discusses different issues concerning the expectation gap by describing and analyzing the subject. The methodology, process and final output of the auditing process which auditors report remained relatively the same for the 40 year period starting in 1948 until 1988 (Strawser, 1990). During this period the users of the financial information complained a lot about the independent auditor’s report because they were not consistent in their message and their reports were at time interpreted differently by different users of a same report, a situation which should never occur since the accounting profession is based on reliability, consistency, reassurance and equal standards within the work that is performed. One of the first major breakthroughs regarding the expectation gap occurred in 1978. In that year the Cohen Commission identified several possible deficiencies in the auditor’s report which were hindering communications between the auditors and the users of the financial statements (Strawser, 1990). Some the areas which the Cohen suggested that improvement was need ed were: The auditors’ report has always been important since it provides valuable information regarding the validity of public financial information reported by companies. During the 1980’s and early 1990’s the globalization movement and the birth of the information age created a greater urgency to deal with the auditing expectation from private and public institutions. The globalization movement brought enormous opportunities for greater investments due to the free trade possibilities that came with it (Kasapidis, 1999). During this period a lot more individual and institutional investors needed the information to make reliable decisions on domestic and foreign investments. The auditing

Development Finance and Funding Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Development Finance and Funding - Research Paper Example The city has diversified from office use; for instance, hotels and department stores have been opened (Adair and Norman 2005, p. 255). This study examines the parameters influencing the form and function of office buildings in the City of London and what effects are brought in terms of location decisions of businesses. Developments are underway, for instance, the Canary Wharf scheme which is believed to slow the demand that exists from within and outside the UK for high-quality office buildings and at a lower cost. In 1980s financial instruments were introduced to fund office developments as there was a high demand for new office space. The supply had been restricted by government policy and planning controls introduced in the previous years (Blackwell 2005). This brought about pressure for a realistic and flexible planning framework for office improvement. Richard (1973, p. 30) describes that Information Technology influenced the design and internal configuration of buildings needed. Competitiveness of financial centers depends on the ability to provide the right type of office building for global business. This aims at supporting sustainable growth and providing a high quality of life to citizens. The issue is to make London a low carbon city through the provision of spaces and places to live and work. Investments are targeted through design-led regeneration plans which tend to combine environmental, housing and transport policies as well as land improvement. Design and development of the physical environment is the major issue in encouraging sustainable growth (Atkin 2004). A lease of a commercial building which includes an agreement between the landlord and tenant showing how the building is to be developed, managed and occupied is known as a green lease. These include specific scheduled provisions meant to monitor and improve energy performance thus helping to achieve efficiency  targets such as water, energy, and waste. It also minimizes the environmental impacts of the structure.  

Clay Shirky - Wiki exam (group) vs Traditional exam (individual) Essay

Clay Shirky - Wiki exam (group) vs Traditional exam (individual) - Essay Example For example, each student will try to work his or her problem individually, not as a group. While 15 students can be arranged into a group of 2 individuals per unit and faster solutions will be achieved as each pair will tackle a certain procedure (issue) as one. Clay views that as the group grows it gets considerably worse as the group could sit around discussing the possible choices of all day, with no guarantee you will get to an agreement at all. With every one selling his or her interest, these complexities have nothing to do with classmates or friendship specifically; they are the response to the grim logic of group complexity. As the class grows it becomes difficult for a student to interact directly with everyone from their teachers and other students. If maintaining the connection between two students takes effort, then managing a bigger population becomes unattainable. This phenomenon even in situations, people may clink glasses during a toast, in a small group can touch gl asses to everyone (Berman 279).. The college should embrace the wiki project because it is kind of an organization where different aspects need to be matched from the students activates such doing exams, assignments, and the tutors with support of the entire staff in the institution. For example, they may need to call a meeting of the students or staff to convey a message. This form of communication may come from the academic chair or workers representative this does not mean everyone has to shout to give the information it must pass in a simplified channel such as school representative from the student and the staff leaders in different sections. Therefore, running a college as itself may be difficult, to achieve the aimed goal such as academic excellence. Every daily activity in the college requires recourses from human resource to financial resources to meet the required objective of the institution. As a result, no institution can put all it energies in pursuing a mission. It sh ould utilize considerable efforts on maintaining discipline and structure, simply to keep itself viable. Therefore, self management of the college becomes a priority while staged goal is relegated to number two or lower, no matter what the mission statement says. The problem inherent in managing these transaction cost are one of the basic constrains shaping institutions of all kinds. Therefore, the more students are involved in a task, the more potential misunderstanding and arguments in a class will be experienced. New tools of managing students can be used in classrooms with bigger numbers for effectiveness and efficiency of teaching and learning, for example, allocating identity groups in a classroom with different names of about five members in a group to share assignments and class work. This will make work easier for tutors to communicate and assign class works without having to communicate to everyone in the lecture room. Critiques of the theory Conflicting perspective of MOO Cs to divide education communities Elite institutions in the Academy, primarily leading United States universities are widely engaging enthusiastically in MOOCS by lending brand, content, funds, staff and policy, but it is not applicable for the minority as it prevents a conspicuous literature. Small institutions have not engaged in MOOCS because it complex for them, and those who have tried have sounded an alarm over it

Jurisprudence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Jurisprudence - Essay Example Keeping in view the most fundamental of the human desires, statutes of prevailing law offer unflinching liberty to the individuals provided the freedom does not challenge the rights of others in such a manner that could place afflictions and tribulations to others. It is therefore national and international laws introduced by the states as well as the UN Charter of human rights vehemently look for the allowing freedom to the people without discrimination. Article 2 of UN Charter, passed by the General Assembly ascertains the freedom of individuals in these words: â€Å"Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.†2 In addition, the Charter applies bar on the authorities in respect of treating any group or community with prejudice, and also bans all types of pains and torture s, degradation and slavery altogether.3 In addition, Article 5 (1) of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) guarantees individual liberty by stating it to be the fundamental right of every human, where no one shall be deprived of his liberty save in the cases and in accordance with a procedure prescribed by law. Thus, only the criminals, offenders and violators of human rights could be deprived of their right of liberty.4 The statutes of existing laws do not confine human liberty to one specific area or zone only. Rather, they offer complete freedom to humans in respect of speech, action, religious faith and cultural values, employment and recreation, and marriage and sexual orientation as well. British Law of Contract declares a contract to be void provided it restraining a person on his liberty of marriage, parenting and starting or running the business of one’s choice5 provided they do not create any other illegality and irregularity in them. Similarly, the st atute of law does not allow an organisation to exhibit prejudice on the basis of ethno-racial and religious background of the individuals as well as while keeping their gender or sexual orientation in view. It is therefore International Labour Organisation (1960) has made it clear that any distinction, exclusion or preference made on any biased basis, which has the effect of nullifying or impairing equality of opportunity or treatment in employment or occupation.6 Nevertheless, law also enforces restrains on the freedom of individuals in the best interest of society. It is partly due to the very fact that law forbids the individuals to entering into the property of other without seeking his prior permission. Similarly, law restricts the people to get involved into the activities that could put the freedom and benefits of others into jeopardy. There was a time when the principle of might is right used to prevail in all cultures, where a powerful clan or tribe could invade over any we ak neighbour by dint of its power, and could turn its population as their slaves; the Trojan Wars of ancient times also depicted the same.7 It is therefore renowned Gaullish chieftain, warrior and the conqueror of ancient Rome, Brennus had raised the slogan

'The War on Terror produces more terrorism' Essay

'The War on Terror produces more terrorism' - Essay Example According to them, terror should be dealt with in a different way. Even though certain democrats accept the fact that applying force is necessary in certain cases, a complete solution can be achieved only by improving the ideological appeal and moral authority of the United States. More efficient democracy and smarter techniques to better relationship between nations would help reduce terror in the world. Improving cooperation among nations would eliminate misunderstandings and other issues that generates enmity between nations. According to the critics of Bush, the war on terror has contributed only in creating more terrorists. War on terror has not eliminated terror from the face of the earth. War on Terror produces more terrorism. The United States should change course completely as war on terror is expected to give birth to more terrorists. War on terror is not the right action as it cannot wipe out terror. The war on terror is found to be causing more terrorism. According to new reports the United States has played a major role in making the world more terror-filled. The world has become unsafe not just for non-Americans, but for Americans as well. The war on terror has given birth to more terrorism. Innocent people in different parts of the world are suffering because of the ‘Iraq effect’. ... Research studies have been performed to study the effect of Iraq issue on global terrorism. According to the research, the number of people lost their lives in jihadist attacks in different parts of the world has increased dramatically after the beginning of the Iraq war in 2003. The research compared the events between Sep 11, 2001 and the attack of Iraq. Excluding the Arab-Israel conflict, the count of deaths increased from 729 to 5420. Apart from conflicts in Europe, wars happened in Kashmir and Chechnya. The Centre on Law and Security (in NYU Foundation) who performed the research reported that there has been a steady rise in the number of deaths due to war and conflicts. After the attack on Iraq, terrorist activities have increased considerably. War on terror has contributed to more terrorist activities on various parts of the world. According to the reports Iraq became the reason for a fierce fundamentalist reaction that caused more terror. Iraq affairs have encouraged more ter rorist attacks that ever before. Muslim activists and terrorists became more active than ever after Iraq affairs. The number of people killed by Islamists in Iraq increased from 7 to 3,122. Afghanistan also witnessed an increase in terrorist activities as the British and US forces invaded them after the attacks of Sep 11. The number of deaths in Afghanistan was few in 2003. The number of deaths increased to 802 since then. In the conflicts at Chechen, the number of deaths increased from 234 to 497. In the Kashmir issue, Pakistan and India had their number of deaths increase from 182 to 489. Europe that had zero deaths had it increased to 297 in the terror activities. War on

Country analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Country analysis - Essay Example Shimko attributes the economic deterioration in Afghanistan to a military strike and transformation that followed after 9/11 attacks. United States had resolved to fight terrorism by targeting heads based in Afghanistan. Military revolution) affect the economic situation of the country especially if one of the countries is superior in terms of technology, military, and economically (Shimko 17. Afghanistan belongs to the periphery countries. It shares a small percentage of the global wealth despite owning oil ores. The agricultural, labor, and natural resource system of Afghanistan is dependent on the status of the government and the level of dependence on foreign aid. Shimko notes that the effect of post Middle-East American military action has resulted to a country that is struggling to get the economic condition on its feet. The country registered a slow economic growth rate since 2013 due to weak governance capacity after the anti-terrorism wars. The country has failed to implement operations together because of unending wars since the invasion by Soviet Union in 1979 (Shimko 31). Afghanistan used to contribute an integral share to the agricultural sector of the world before the war and unending political instability. It used to export surplus produce to USA, France, India, and Pakistan before Cold War and US invasion in 2001. The insurgence of military forces does not only seek to boost security against terrorism, but also control mineral deposits that could turn the country into a world-mining center. However, the country is among the poorest countries in the global economic position platform. Afghanistan would subsidize and protect copper, iron, cobalt and lithium mineral deposit in a bid to boost its mining industry. The deposits remain unutilized because of the prevailing poor economic status. However, the country is struggling in weak government and post-terror

Pride and Prejudice Essay Example for Free

Pride and Prejudice Essay The concept of love is developed and endured throughout an healthy relationship in Jane Austen’s novel, Pride and Prejudice. She successfully incorporates different examples of marriage in nineteenth century and distinguishes the perfect marriage from the hopeless marriage. The definition of authentic love is caring for someone unconditionally. It means putting someone before yourself and not asking for anything in return. There are a variety of different examples of marriage in the novel, but Elizabeth, Jane, and Lydia’s marriages are the best examples of a perfect marriage, easily-influenced marriage ,and a hopeless marriage. It is emphasized that Elizabeth and Darcy will have the happiest marriage within the novel because of their commited relationship with each other. The perfect marriage between a man and a woman in the nineteenth century would probably be centered around Elizabeth and Darcy’s marriage. Elizabeth’s character was always honest to herself and especially to others. Her defiant attitude made her stand out from the rest of the women according to Darcy. Although Elizabeth did not love Darcy at first, her loved developed through the ups and downs of their relationship. Once Darcy figured out that he could not win the heart of Elizabeth by lying and being prideful, he started to change for the better good of their relationship. Elizabeth fell head over heels for Darcy and accepted his proposal, â€Å"The happiness which this reply produced, was such as he had probably never felt before; and he expressed himself on the occasion as sensibly and as warmly as a man violently in love can be supposed to do† (Austen 200). Once she realized that he had a change of heart and his affectionate love for her was unconditional, Elizabeth knew that her marriage with Darcy would be one to last for a life time in complete and utter happiness. Love at first sight is not authentic in some cases. It takes time to love one another to recognize each others flaws and weaknesses. The ability to overcome our flaws and problems with our significant other helps us to develop authentic love with our partner. Jane and Bingley’s relationship was not produced over time, yet they knew that they were soul mates after two dances at the ball. The reason why Bingley came into town was to find a wife; â€Å"It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife† (Austen 1). Their marriage and relationship will probably be amusing and entertaining in the beginning, but their marriage will sooner or later fall apart. Since they barely knew each others faults and weaknesses before they entered into marriage, their relationship might crumble because of the lack of stability each other has in their relationship. Jane and Bingley’s character are both described as innocent people in society. For example, Elizabeth describes Jane’s character as, â€Å"Affectation of candour is common enough— one meets with it everywhere. But to be candid without ostentation or design— to take the good of everybodys character and make it still better, and say nothing of the bad— belongs to you alone† (Austen 29). Rather than making their own decisions, they usually obey the commands of others and depend on other people’s judgments. The main reason why many people elope rather than marry into a relationship is due to the fact that they want to make their relationship official as soon as possible. A rushed marriage will only cause more problems because it is partially due to get it over with, or to hide their relationship from the people that they love. Lydia and Wickham’s marriage was an elopement rather than a real marriage. Both characters acted upon their foolishness instead of their heart and mind. Lydia’s character was described as, â€Å"Her character will be fixed, and she will, at sixteen, be the most determined flirt that ever made herself and her family ridiculous. A flirt, too, in the worst and meanest degree of flirtation; without any attraction beyond youth and a tolerable person; and from the ignorance and emptiness of her mind, wholly unable to ward off any portion of that universal contempt which her rage for admiration will excite. In this danger Kitty is also comprehended. She will follow wherever Lydia leads. Vain, ignorant, idle, and absolutely uncontrolled! (Austen 156). Infatuation also played a huge part within Lydia’s relationship towards Wickham. He knew that he could easily sweep Lydia off her feet because she was the youngest and most immature one in the Bennet family. Wickham was self-indulgent in his plan to fancy Lydia. All Wickham ever wanted was money and pleasure, he did no care for Lydia as much due to his self-contempt. Since Wickham was in finnancial trouble with creditors, he made the foolish mistake of eloping with Lydia to get out of town. His decision proved that he did not care about Lydia’s reputation, but only himself’s. Although love may develop in a variety of ways, there should still be the distinction between infatuation and authentic love. Infatuation does not last as long as authentic love does, rather it sets a person up for heart breaks and instability. The elopement of Lydia and Wickham are the perfect example of infatuation because Lydia only loved Wickham for his devious ways of fancing her and Wickham only loved Lydia for her money and her being as an excuse to get out of town. Jane and Bingley’s marriage defined love, but not authentic love. They knew each other’s strengths and priorities, but they did not know each other’s flaws and weaknesses. Both Jane and Lydia’s marriage are the ones to be slightly less felicitous compared to Elizabeth’s marriage because they did not with hold the unconditional love that Darcy and Elizabeth had for each other. In order to have a healthy long-living marriage, both persons within the relationship need to know each other’s strengths and weaknesses, and are willing to help one overcome their flaws. The love they should have for each other should be based upon the love that Darcy has for Elizabeth. He put Elizabeth before himself and his problems in order to prove his devotion towards her. Austen made Elizabeth and Darcy’s relationship the ideal marriage in order to show society how a man and woman should love each other.

Business plan for a fruit processing company

Business plan for a fruit processing company Our Business Plan will be about fruit processing. This will reduce fruits post harvesting loss through processing fruits in syrups and concentrates. This will help middle and low income eaners as we find there is high need of fresh fruits juice as many of fresh fruits juice are imported and sold in high price which normal Tanzania citizen cant afford. Our company will be situated in Korogwe Tanga where there are many firms. Company has three partners, Mildred, Sophia and Saja. ABRIVIATION ASDP Agricultural Sector Development Programme ASDS Agricultural Sector Development Strategy BIT Board of Internal Trade DACHE Dar Es Salaam College of Home Economics Ltd GDP Gross Domestic Product HKMU Hubert Kairuki Memorial University MAFC Ministry of agriculture Food Security and Cooperatives MITM Ministry of Industries Trade and Marketing NARS National Agricultural Research Institute PASS Private Agricultural Sector Support SIDO Small Scale Industries Development Organization SIDP Sustainable Industry Development Programme SUA Sokoine University of Tanzania TDV Tanzania Development Vision TFDA Tanzania Food Drugs and Cosmetics Agency UDSM University of Dar es Salaam BUSINESS PLAN 1.0 Executive summary The current agriculture potentiality contributes about 26.5% of GDP and it provides employment about 70% of total labour force. Tanzania grows a range of fruit including topical and temperate. The annual production of fruits is 678,515MT (this is 5% of potential area exploited) [tanserve n.d] Agro processing in the industrial sector is indeed one of the underdeveloped sub sectors and according to a report by Commonwealth Secretariat (1997) it was seen to consume about 1% of the horticultural raw materials produced in Tanzania as compared to 80% in Malaysia which also is in the category of developing country [practicalaction n.d] Agro processing and especially small -scale processing is becoming very important in the country as means to reduce crop losses and value addition at production and collection sites and a way of income generating activity.[practicalaction n.d] However, the sector experience losses during and after harvest. Post harvest losses of fruits and vegetables are estimated at 50 to 80%. These losses are more meaningful economically compared to the cost of compensating for losses through increased crop production. Losses are caused by among another factors, mechanical, physical and biochemical aspects. SOMIL intends with this financial and economical projection the idea will bring new concept in a market and good strategies which will enable the company to acquire a good market position initially the company may have up and downs of new start but with the partner potentiality gradual the sales may increase once SOMIL gets good eyes to watch over it operations. A daily production of between 2000 and 3000 kilograms of fruit product is estimated to be obtained from an input of between 2000 and 3000 kilograms of fruit pulp/product is estimated to be obtained from an input of 5000 kilograms. Production time per annum is estimated to be 240 days. And the project intends to employ 22 people and it is an investment of Tshs. 300,000,000.00 which will realize Tshs 144,000,000.00 in year five times. Total production costs are estimated at Tshs. 290,000,000.00 in year one gradually rising in years two and three then falls in year five onwards. Project cash flow is favourable, it will start making profits from the first year of the project and all loans be repaid by third year of operation. This will be showing clearly in financial. 2.0 THE BUSINESS 2.1 The opportunity According to government record and statistics show the annual production of fruits to be 678,515MT, but this is only 5% of the potential area exploited and this can be caused by lack of where to send the increased production. 2.2 Need to be filled This project so as to say will focuses on increasing fruits usability which experience enormous looses especially during the season and create new opportunities for industrial development in rural areas through processing of fruits for fresh juice. More so, the initiator of this idea is a professional expert in the field of post harvest processing, having a long term experience in offering knowledge to small scale food processors and food enterprises and managed to make them grow to a medium scale capacity. 2.2.1 How the proposed business will fills the need With the capacity of operation which business plan to operate in, the company will process fruits for juice which will be consumed by low and medium income earners who are not able to buy exported fresh fruit juice. 3.0 Company and Company history Initially idea was brought by one of the partner who is professional in a filed and she has long term experience in food processing later on the idea was joined by two other partners who contribute in capital invested. 3.1 Company mission statement To provide 100% satisfaction by offering fruit in syrup and fruit concentrates of the highest quality, impeccable services, guaranteeing accurate supply, fast delivery and developing strong relationships with farmers and medium to small scale fruits processing business and entrepreneurs. 3.2 Our vision SOMIL forecast to be competitive in service while taking on prior responsibilities that are pertinent to our clients needs through producing strict quality and safe products, for health and economical satisfaction. 3.3 Company objective The products to be made include quality and safe fruits of the season concentrates and fruits in syrup. Neutrality will govern the products made since raw materials will basically comprise of fresh, mature fruits of the season without non-fruit fortification. SOMIL products are intermediate since they form raw material to juice making, wine making and fruit salads to other small to medium scale industries. Availability regardless seasonality forms another niche value to SOMIL products. The main objective is to ensure sustainable economic, food and nutrition security by seasonal reduction of fruits post harvest loses by 10% through processing. 3.4 Specific objectives To ensure the establishment of fruit concentrate and fruits in syrup industry is in place by end of year one of the project inception To establish appropriate links with stakeholders who will daily deliver to the industry quality seasonal fruits for processing To continuously encourage and support value addition to seasonal fruits so that the farmers are economically empowered Together with farmers and other stakeholders of the project area, to reduce the post harvest losses by 50% through fruits processing by year 2013 To continuously support technology developments in the post-harvest system according to zonal conditions, climatically, and socio-culturally and according to the needs of the clients for effective and sustainable availability of the industrys raw material. 4.0 COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE Fruit concentrates and fruits in syrup are made from fresh fruits of the highest quality, maturity, and health from both temperate and tropical zones. The fruits have to be selected and graded through a rigorous quality control system so that all of our products have the best flavors and nutrient content that meet the national and international quality and safety parameters and standards. The products made by SOMIL will be raw material to other secondary fruit products that include among others; juices, wines, fruit salads and fruit based products. Bulk packaging will govern the products and minimum carriage weight will be 20 kilogram and maximum 200 kilogram drums. Literature review and a study visit to few industries in Dar es salaam indicates about 16medium scale and 300 small scale prospective competitors, however, paste, fruit concentrates and fruits in syrup are not their core activities to any of these companies. They specialize in finished products of this semi finished products. Similarly, the demand for SOMIL products especially during off seasons in which consumers shift to imported pastes and fruit concentrates is prospectively high. Furthermore, customers of secondary products (finished products) have become health conscious, which add to the unique selling point of the company products. The company is reputed of having competent employees both professionally and aggressiveness to deliver as per vision of the company. 4.1 Description of the business model The company will deliver its products in the first come first served basis. Since nature of business entail quality and safe semi finished products than enterprises of finished products will certainly find them highly convenient both as a time saver as well as all-seasons products. Despite the presence of few competitors the demand is rarely met, also they utilize mostly the imported concentrates that are generally fortified with non fruit material thus reducing the products nature and quality. Consumers of the finished products have become health conscious which adds to the unique selling point of SOMIL products as they are naturally made from whole fruits and vegetables with nothing added hence making the product whole, fresh and nutritional. The company is reputed of having competent employees both professionally and aggressiveness to deliver as per vision of the company. 4.2 How the business will create a sustainable competitive advantage Production cost govern to a large extent pricing strategy but also comparisons have to be made with competitors prices so a not to be very different for a product of similar or near similar. Other quality parameters such as health impact, intellectual property etc will also be considered in the setting. According to studies on food habits conducted by use of a case study of Dar es Salaam, consumers reported to be willing to pay a little more for a healthy product especially when they are ensured of its quality and safety (Mjawa, 2003) For this reason, if a small price difference is set (ceteris peribus), it will make the business sell few volumes of quality products yet with profits till it gains market reputation. 5.0 CURRENT STATUS AND REQUIREMENTS The location of the production area will be Korogwe town and marketing office will be Korogwe District Tanga region. The choice of a production location is strategically due to the place being the major centre of fruits growing with a horticultural hinterland. Besides Korogwe being centrally located it allows easy transportation of inputs and raw materials to the industry as well as products to the selling centre and consumers due to its proximity to most areas. The location will also tap the availability of labor that has been left redundant by many crop estates and industries that were closed and some are now affected by the world economic recession. Ample availability of steady services like ICT, electricity, and water are taken into consideration when selecting the location. Taking into consideration that this is a start up project, the following will form a production and operation processes. Table 2: Production process Step Process Description 1 Site acquisition, registration of business and other start up logistics Site us owned by one of the partner which will be transfer in the business under the law and legal contract. 2 Purchase of equipment Machineries equipment with the capacity of producing 500-800 kilograms per hour will be procured. Office equipment, a vehicle and furniture will also be procured. 3 Employees recruitment Director production and technical, manager administration and finance, manager production and technical will be the first people to be employee operators staff and hiring the security. 4 Purchases of production materials Identification of locations, suppliers of raw materials and other inputs; training on the quality to supply and later purchases to be done 5 Production process Receiving, grading, washing, desizing/pulping, packing packaging and storing 6 Marketing Market research, Transportation, advertisement, selling. 5.1 Description of where the business stands today SOMIL has 120 millions which contributed by three partners in equal shares also the company has plot in Korogwe which has own by one of the partners and transfer to a business through legal entities. 5.2 Description of what the business needs to move forward In order the company to operate successfully the business needs 300 millions. Where by 120millions has already contributed by three partners and remained 180 millions the company look for a loan which will be paid within five years. 6.0 MANAGEMENT The business is directed by three directors, who are partner and shareholder of the business. First partner is MILDRED MLAKI, who has two degree, one from Cape Town University of food and nutrition and the other is for commerce from university of Dar es salaam, Mildred will be overall in-charge of all processing operations. Second partner, SOPHIA MUSSA holder masters in human resource from makerere university of Kampala Uganda, she is working with reputable company in the country and she will be overall in-charge with human resource and public relation of the company. Third partner, SAJA JOHN is a holder of masters in strategies business from Greenwich University; she will be overall in-charge of market operation of the company. The company will employ other work 2 in finance and procurement 2 foreman, and production and technical will be hired and security on term for six month period to help initial stage of layout, installation and commissioning of the machines and equipment. 6.1 ORGANISATION STRUCTURE 6.2 Ownership The business is currently owner by 3 directors as mentioned above and the will contribute 60% of the initial investment and the rest may be sold to any interested investors or development partner. 6.3 Board of Directors/Board of Advisor A Board of Advisor will be selected to advice on matters regarding smooth running of the business based on qualification specific to the organization functions. Advisors will strictly come from research institutes like UDSM Process Engineering Department, SUA, NARS, and TBS etc since the business needs technical expertise and solutions from them for the benefit of making it outstanding in terms of quality and up to date with technological features. A political figure will be included for the health of the business; the main proposal is the Member of Parliament for Korogwe Constituency. 6.4 Key Professional Service Providers The services of a change agent like SIDO experts are vital for advising on entrepreneurship skills including business management and capital acquisition. The service of reputed audit personnel for legal advisor is required by the business, but company will higher advocate professional whenever needed. 7.0 INDUSTRY ANALYSIS The current agriculture contributes about 26.5% of GDP and it provides employment to about 70% of total labour force out of which 56% of them are women. (Human Development Index 2007). This is because of its subsistence nature of Tanzania Agriculture but its potentiality for agriculture growth is immerse taking into the focus of the government strategies. TDV (Tanzania development vision) and ASDS that envisage to transform the existing subsistence-dominated agriculture progressively into commercially profitable and viable production systems so as to make it modernized, commercial, highly productive and profitable by utilizing new technologies and available technologies and manpower in an overall sustainable manner. (www.tanzania.go.tz) Agro processing in the industrial sector is indeed one of the underdeveloped sub sectors and according to a report by Commonwealth Secretariat (1997) it was seen to consume about 1% of the horticultural raw materials produced in Tanzania as compare to (80%) in Malaysia which also is in the category of developing country. Also according to PASS (2002), 65% of the processed products are consumed within the country. This indicates the availability of investment opportunities in the fruits and vegetable processing (www.tanzania.go.tz) Most of the processing plants operate under capacity due to old technology used, irregular supply of raw materials and low technical skills. However, there is some investment in processing industry taking place and efforts are being made to promote more investment in this area. Small-scale processing in becoming very important in the country as means to reduce crop losses and value addition at production and collection sites, and a way of income generating activity. To date over 5,700 processors have been trained and at least 3000 jobs created (SIDO, 2007). The future discourse for industrial development in Tanzania is elaborated in the Sustainable Industrial Development Policy SIDP. The main purpose of SIDP (Sustainable Industry Development Programme) is to set out a path for industrializing Tanzania so that by the turn of the first quarter of the 21st Century is becomes a semi industrialized country. Recently, individuals and or groups of women entrepreneurs and youth have engaged themselves into processing of fruits and vegetables for niche markets. These groups have received basic training in food processing technology through research institutions such as TIRDO (Tanzania Industrial Research Development Organization, TFNC (Tanzania Food Nutrition Centre) SUA (Sokoine University of Agriculture), Agriculture Research Institute Uyole, Mbeya Horticulture Research Training Institute Tengeru, Small scale Industry Development Organization (SIDO) and non-government organizations supporting community, nutrition and health improvement programmes. Such groups are mainly engaged in drying of fruits like ripe bananas, pineapples and mangoes and traditional vegetables such as amaranths, cassava leaves, okra and cowpea leaves. Others are engaged in making products like juices, jams, marmalades, pickles, tomato sauce and wines. (www.tanzania.go.tz) SWOT ANALYSIS TO OUR STARTUP BUSINESS STREGHTHS Highly experienced technologically Willingness to deliver as per vision Strong team of management WEAKNESSES Limited capital to invest in large scale venture A less reputed venture not yet gained a name OPPORTUNITIES Niche markets that take advantage of seasonal shortages Consciousness of fresh and nutritional healthy products by consumers Availability of ample and variety of fruits in most time of the year Location is along the fruits and vegetable growing zone Location centrally located, feasible transport wise to both farmers and consumers Availability of many funding arrangements like loans and grants for investors and entrepreneurs. Recent economic recession will reduce competing imports to a large extent THREATS Importation of less quality but cheap concentrates Emerging large scale investors with similar project Weather calamities such as drought that may hamper production Inconsistent supply of raw materials due to seasonality Substitutes such as Soda and Mineral water especial Uhai, Kilimanjaro, Dasani, masafi and so on 7.1 Competitive position within target market 7.2 Competitors analysis Few medium to large scale industrial processing plants in Tanzania that are currently operational, are located in strategic areas of high production and/or consumption like Bakhresa Food products, Noble Foods beverages Ltd, A-One products and Bottlers Ltd and Redgold in Dar es Salaam region, Darsh Industries Ltd in Arusha region, Dabaga Fruit and Vegetable Caning Factory in Iringa region. These factories produce a range of products that include fruit juices of various kinds, tomato sauces, pickles, wine, ketchup, etc. Other factories are emerging in other potential areas like in Morogoro as more investors venture into this sub-sector. (www.tanzania.go.tz) Table 1. The following table indicates few of the prospective competitors. Name of competitors Product made Strengths Weaknesses Remarks that makes SMS to capture a market share Noble foods-fruits juices Mango juice Fresh mangoes during the season. Have good packages No production during off season, manufactures only one product -mango juice Potential customer during off season may purchase other fruit pulps for SMS Bakhresa Food Industries -|Azam fruits juices Juices: mango, guava, apple, pineapple oranges May not lack raw material due to utilizing imported concentrates, few fresh fruits. Utilizes all the raw material in his own industry Although a big competitor but not threatening because he cannot sell to others hence consumers of SMS are maintained Red Gold Tomato products Sauces and Chill Uses fresh tomatoes during the season, import during off season Do not stock enough for off season production Potential competitor and customer Small scale wineries, juice processors Tomato products, wines, juices and fruit blend recipes Uses fresh fruits of the season Normally do not stock enough for the year. Have little funds and small premises for keeping large amounts of raw materials May be competitors during the season but big customers during off season Other medium and small scale industries Tomato products, wines, juices and fruit blend recipes Uses fresh fruits and vegetables as raw materials to their secondary products Cannot stock due to capital, convenience, expertise and space Potential customer Talking about competitors also there is a threat of substitute such and Soda and mineral water. 7.3 Market size and Trends According to the Confederation of Tanzania Industries directory (2007), the total market is about 316 consumers for these products. The business estimates to capture 10% in the first year 20% in the second year and growing to 30% in year five onwards. This will be due to gaining faith regarding quality as compared to imported products. The business administration will take care of customer training building regarding confidence building. Regarding a study by Tanzania Food Drugs and cosmetic Agency (TFDA) on Inventory of Food industries (2006), medium and small scale industries that will utilize SOMIL products are concentrated in Arusha, Moshi, Dar es Salaam, and Tanga regions and most of these utilize the product as raw material for making secondary products such as sauces, wines and juices. Government efforts to strengthen the increased production of non traditional crops such as fruits and vegetables because they are of high value to both farmers and the country impact positively to the availability of raw materials for SMS products and hence ensure readily availability of raw material for SMS products and hence ensure readily availability of products to clients. The world economic trends may have a positive impact on customers products due to reduction of imported concentrates. 8.0 MARKETING PLAN 8.1 Market Summary SOMIL fruits product will possesses good information about the market and known a great deal about the common attributes of the most prized customer. This information will be leveraged to better understand who is served, what their specific needs are and how SOMIL can better communicate with them. [Kotler P Keller KL1956, P.61-67] 8.2 Marketing strategy The initial focus will be locally where small scale and medium fruits processing industries are located. Due to capacity of the industry at the moment, there are no plans to go beyond Tanzania and Zanzibar. The strategy will initially be identification using data from Board of Internal Trade (BIT), the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare-TFDA and Ministry of Industries Trade and Marketing (MITM) as well as Tanzania Bureau of Standards (TBS) and other trade newsletters. The selected few will be visited for introduction and sample sending. Then a business may further advertise in public media newspapers, radio leaflets distributed to road users for know. In future we will advertise at Televisions also. 8.3 Concept testing Concept test system can improve the company chances of success in developing and introducing new products. Our organization will go door to door for the concept test in order to get the view of the public concerning with our types of product; this will be done in public area like schools, Hospital and churches. Design employs sequential public study in which up to 50 groups of 10 to 20 participants each test one product. These studies typically consist of three surveys of up to 30 questions each. The surveys are conducted among members of our Members. 8.4 Usability testing Usability testing is a technique used to evaluate a product by testing it on users. This can be seen as an irreplaceable usability practice, since it gives direct input on how real users use the system. This is in contrast with usability inspection methods where experts use different methods to evaluate a user interface without involving users. Usability testing focuses on measuring a human-made products capacity to meet its intended purpose. Examples of products that commonly benefit from usability testing are foods, consumer products, How ever in organization will used this test to improve our product in this areas efficiency, accuracy, recall, and emotional response. The results of the first test can be treated as a baseline or control measurement; all subsequent tests can then be compared to the baseline to indicate improvement. This test will assist the industries to know where we are going and what people says about our products, This test will be assist us to maintain our product and make it durable in all time for production, our organization will insure this test done before the product enter in the market. 8.5 Channel of distribution 8.5.1 Selecting a channel of distribution SOMIL when selecting a channel of distribution as Fruit product Industry will consider the follow: The consumer characteristics need and segment The company goals, resources expertise and experience The product value, complexity, perish ability and bulk The competition characteristics and tactics Distribution channels alternatives, characteristics and availability Legalities current law and pending laws. [Kotler PKeller KL1956, P.36-72] 8.5.2 Distribution standard SOMIL will have clear and measurable goals regarding service levels in physical distribution. In so doing there must be a clear distribution strategy for products to reach the target consumers, in this respect the clear distribution channel must be in place. 8.5.3 Customer Services SOMIL will understand the decisions involve delivery frequency, speed and consistency transportation and shipping to policies, whether to accept small customer orders; warehousing coordinating assortments; and so on. Poor performance in these areas may result in lost customers. [Kotler PKeller KL1956, P.36-72] 8.6 Production 8.6.1 Social responsibility. SOMIL we will consider the impact of companys action and operating in a way that balances short term profit needs with societies long-term need this ensuring the company survival in a health environment. 8.6.2 Natural resources SOMIL will make sure that the depletion of natural resources can be reduced if the consumption of scarce material is lessened and more efficient alternatives are chosen. 8.6.3 Environmental Pollution SOMIL will make sure that dangerous pollutants need to be eliminated from the environment and safe substitutes found. The environment protection is the major federal organization involved. [Ethical Partnership nd] 8.6.4 Child labour SOMIL we will make sure there is no possibility of child labour. Sometimes supervisors use this opportunity to pay this child less while they benefit against them. We will obey the law and perform as per given instructions. 8.6.5 Marketing SOMIL as a company which deal with products fall under the umbrella of the Marketing Mix (product, price, place and promotion) which describes the strategic position of a product in the market place. An enterprise involved in producing fruits products must have clear strategies of producing those products. Also the firm dealing with fruits production should have clear pricing strategies, promotion strategies and placing or distribution strategies. An enterprise we must be able to market what we produce and produce what we can market. Consumerism SOMIL fruits product manufacturer we agree that customer has right to be informed and protected against fraudulent, deceitful, and misleading statements, advertisement, labels Consumer safety SOMIL fruits product manufacturer we will make sure that, consumer are protected against dangerous and unsafe product. Consumer information and education SOMIL fruits product manufacturer we are aware that, consumer have right to be informed includes protection against fraudulent deceitful, or grossly misleading information advertising, labeling, pricing, packaging or other practices. Consumers choice SOMIL fruits product manufacturer we know that consumer has a right to choose means that consumers have available several products and brands for which select. Consumers right to be heard SOMIL fruits product industry, consumers has right to be heard means that consumers should be able to voice their opinions to business, government and other parties. This gives consumers input into the decisions that affect them. Advertisement/Promotion Promotion and advertisement our product should be an almost unconscious part of our everyday sales plan. We dont have to look far for an opportunity to market and merchandise juice. A great way to stand out from the competition is to produce our own juice, thereby offering customer juice beverages that cant be found elsewhere. SOMIL we have to understand our competitors, what they doing and we will take action against these competitors, especially as an entire generation or retail buyers is at stake. To reach the public, advertising is a necessity. We believe that advertising may reach non-juice drinkers and thus bring in additional customer to our business. Advertising deserves greater consideration as a part of the solution to certain